English Film and Literature Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English Film and Literature Analysis - Essay Example Heroes too have been of varied kinds in the world of American art, ranging from the frontier hero of the Westerns to the hero of the Everyman variety. These two movies look at two such characters and the heroes have elements of different such types. The importance of the genre of the works and the time periods in which they are set shall also be a part of the discussion in this paper. The paper shall argue that these works have influenced the manner in which the American hero has been envisaged over the years and conceived of in other works of art. The character of Hawkeye is one who is able to maneuver through several situations that the settlers have to face. In a period that was marked by a great amount of political turbulence, he is able to navigate himself and others into situations of safety. He is able to also further the agenda of the side that he is on. One needs to remember that this was an era when America was still open to nations of the world and people like Hawkeye were necessary in order to consolidate the power that America had over the world. Such a hero is commonplace in American movies and books. In many movies of the Western genre, one finds that the hero moves to a place which is populated by a large number of Indians. The narratives of such westerns are almost always based on the extension of the American frontiers. Such an extension would then place the character in the mold of a hero as the character would be seen to be performing a service to his community and to the larger community of America. This is seen to also be a patriotic move. Apart from this, it also furthers the idea of the masculine hero who is able to subdue the forces that create problems in the lives of his community. The fact that such heroes are more often than not, men, goes a long way to prove this point. Even in the recently released movie Django Unchained, which seeks to reinvent the genre of the Western, the hero remained a man while the lead female character was a largely passive presence. The masculine hero is then seen as a symbol or crystallization of American manhood. One of the interesting features of the book is the fact that Hawkeye does not appear to be an intensely racist character. On one occasion, he actually says, There is reason in an Indian, though nature has made him with a red skin!’†¦. ‘I am no scholar, and I care not who knows it; but, judging from what I have seen, at deer chases and squirrel hunts, of the sparks below, I should think a rifle in the hands of their grandfathers was not so dangerous as a hickory bow and a good flint-head might be, if drawn with Indian judgment, and sent by an Indian eye. (Cooper 49) However, this sense of tolerance is often offset by the race pride and sense of superiority that he displays at various points in the novel. One such instance is given below. I am not a prejudiced man, nor one who vaunts himself on his natural privileges, though the worst enemy I have on earth, and he is an Iroquois, daren’t deny that I am genuine white. (Cooper 49) The hero of the Western too was in many cases white and held racist notions of white superiority. Such notions were then used in order to justify his actions that were meant for the progress of a society that was largely white. Many of these movies were also set in pre-Civil War scenes. The hero of Mr. Smith goes to Washington, on the other hand is a person who is closer to the model of Everyman. He is a part of the American

Human Resources Management Essay Example for Free

Human Resources Management Essay Introduction This unit is about human resources management. The purpose of human resources management is to recruit, develop and utilise the organisation personnel in the way that is the most appropriate to the achievement of the firm goal and objectives. I will be finding out how human resources management affects Park View Academy and school in general. I will be explaining each sub- category. * Human resources planning * Recruitment selection * Training developing * Performance management Human Resources Planning Human resources planning is getting the right people, and developing them in order to meet the goals of the organisation. To recruit best people in the most effective way and to identify any problems that are likely to occur, and come with solutions to the problems identified. It is also about providing for example in recruiting the best people, and then coming departments such as operations and marketing with the correct number of appropriately skilled employees to accomplish their targets. In order to achieve this a long term focus is required. Workforce planning is therefore an integrated process. It requires an overview of the whole operation of the business in order to use human resources successfully to create a competitive advantage. The future position of the firm must be considered. That means the workforce must be put in place, which will allow the strategic plan of the business to be put into effect. Why is human resources planning important to the school If the teachers are not motivated and only do the minimum amount of work that is required or if the teachers are keen to do their best and are well trained they are more likely to be committed to aims of the school. It also involves matching up the type of teachers to the need of the school. For example, the skills and competences needed the new employees to have. For example, if schools needed a replacement teacher or within that school teach lessons which were recently not available at that schools e.g. a school gives choice of Spanish Italian then decides to give the option of French but only has one teacher qualified to teach that subject. Because this teachers will be busy teaching other subjects an new teachers qualified to teach French must be found so the lesson can be taught but if they arent available to take this job then French cant be taught at the school. Why is human resources planning important to Park View Academy Human resources is important to Park View because for example, Park View wants the best candidate for English teacher. It needs to find about how many people have these capabilities and able to recruit them and finds ways of training and developing people who meet these skills requirements. Many teachers are looking for good working condition, to be treated fairly by their boss, to know that they are working in a safe environment, and to be treated equally, no matter what their gender or race. Therefore Park View has to attract and retain, high quality teachers and to train and develop all staff to enable them to reach their maximum potential. Number of teachers hired left Park View in 2001 In 1999 50% of teachers left to due to the school being refurnished renamed from Langham to Park View Academy this was done to improve the quality of education for its students and has led to the schools tarnished reputation being almost forgotten and an influx of new highly qualified teachers. Between 2000 2002 85% of teachers have been hired in 2000, 105 teachers started and in 2001 and 24 of these teachers left this means that a large amount on the money used fir the training recruitment process was wasted because when those teachers left the whole process had to be restarted and more money had to be spent on finding then replacement In the summer term 2002, 9-10 teachers will be leaving various department and 9-10 new teachers have already been selected This means that these departments have to spend a large amounts of there allocated budget of on recruiting and selecting new staff. Why do teachers decide to leave? Teachers decide to leave teaching and or transfers for many reasons and these can include: * Not enough pay to live on with their current life style * Student behaviour * Tired of teaching * Transferring * Retiring Stopping staff turnover Staff turnover will only stop when school management makes sure that staff are being treated properly at work and that they have opportunities, for example, for training and promotion they want. Part of this involves motivating staff, this could be getting them to work harder because they want to. If staff can be persuaded to stay, this cuts down on the cost of advertising and recruiting new staff and also on the training of staff. Low staff turnover indicates that the staffs are happy where they are and that the school is happy with its staff. What is the government doing? The government is paying à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1000 to anyone who becomes a student teacher and this money will only be presented after successful completion of the first year of training. Recruitment and Selection Recruitment selection is about selecting and keeping the best people to work for the organisation. It also about the job analysis, for example, when advertising a job, it must have clearly explaining what duties and responsibilities of the job will be. The purpose of the recruitment and selection process is to acquire a suitable number of employees with appropriate skills. There are three stages to this process: * Determining the human resources requirements of the organisation * Attracting suitable candidates for the vacancy * Selecting the most appropriate candidate Why is recruitment selection important to school Recruitment selection is important because the school needs the right teachers for the right subjects. Candidates who match the description that has been required are selected and the candidate is given an interview. It is also important to teachers because teachers recruitment is responsible for supporting the school with a successful recruitment of teachers, providing information and advice, training newly qualified teachers and selecting those with potential to train as teachers. Why is recruitment selection important to Park View Academy? Recruitment selection is important to Park View because Park View needs to check which applicant best meets the criteria set down for the post, interview and finally select the best candidate. For example, if Park View ends up choosing a n unsuitable candidate for the job, then Park View will be suffering form having poor teachers and teachers will be teaching three different subjects at time. same. This means that Park View will need to put more effort in to the advertisement, so that they could get the right candidate for the department. How does Park View attempt to encourage recruitment? It attracts external candidates to vacant posts via an advertisement, placed either directly by the employee or though the agency. However. This not the start of process of filling the job. Before the advertisement is written, the creation of job description and specification of the criteria against which candidates will be assessed should precede any other part of the process. Recruitment Job analysis Why do job vacancies appear? New jobs appear within an organisation all the time for a large variety of reasons. These could include the following: * The organisation expands and new jobs are created this means that new workers will be needed to keep the organisation running at an efficient capacity. * Companies can merge which can greatly increase the size of the organisation. This could have many different effects within the organisation, can such as * More employees been needed for currently existing department with the organisation. * A new department maybe needed and new job will be created. * Older departments may no longer be needed because this causes a raise in job seekers. * New workers may also be needed because of skills shortages a when new technologies are invented and existing technologies are improved. New machinery and equipment becomes available and some employers may not want to spend money on training. Therefore employees and turning to hiring new young employees fresh out university trained up on all the new techniques required for the job. What are job descriptions used for? A Job description describes what the job is. The job description is written description of the job consists of. It includes the job title, the main purpose and responsibilities of the job. Why is job description important? It is important because for example, when a school wants to recruit someone, it will first have to come up with the job description. Therefore when a teacher is applying for that job, the teacher must be capable of what the job description says. Before applying the job, the teacher must sure that they are capable doing that specific job. Then the teacher could write their person specification. What are person specifications used for? Person specification describes the ideal person. Person specification is about qualification, experience and skills of the person. It also includes essential criteria and desirable criteria., this means include a description of relent work experience for their job that there are applying for. Why is person specification important? It is important because it gives a picture of the ideal candidate for the job and is used to help decide on the most suitable person for that job. Person specification is important to Park View Academy in when recruiting for the school because the school needs to find the right sort of teacher for the job. Therefore the school needs to unsure that the candidate meets following criteria * Qualification they need qualified teacher statues, a business studies or ICT degree or equivalent. * Experience is needed for successful of teaching business and ICT. * Skills/competencies are in needed of excellent communication and interpersonal skills, and the ability to work collaboratively with other staff. Job Advertisement The job advertisement should outline the purpose of the job, and give an indication of its main area of responsibility. It should also tell candidates what skills and attributes are being saught. Some organisation also believe that describing the benefits the person appointed may help to attract a strong field of applicants. A good advertisement helps candidates decide for themselves whether they meet the requirements. . What is job advertisement used for? Job advertisements encourage people to apply. The purpose of job advertisement is to get as many suitable people to apply the job. If a school has to decide what the advertisement contains and where it will be put. For example, newspapers, shops and job centres and Some advertisement might include what the pay is. Why is job advertisement important? It is important because the job advert should describe the job and the skills required. What training and other benefits are offered, so that Person know is required, before applying, also the job a must explain how person should apply for the job. Selection The selection is about reading application and short-listing the candidate. The interview may be the only occasion when the candidates meets the organisation and its representatives in person. Candidates may meet potential future colleagues, both those they are intended to meet and those they are not. Each contract between the candidate and the organisation contributes to total picture. The candidate may want to do a job that is different from the one required by the organisation. The selection process can be seen as a flow during which both parties exchange increasingly detailed information, so that both can make their decision on an informed basis. The successful candidate can then start their new job. Why selection is important It is important for example, when the manager decides which candidate meets the person specification and which dont. Candidates who are selected will then be asked for a reference from previous work. Then the candidate will have an interview. Recruitment- the selection process PVA * A written application enables the schools to decide which candidates0 meet person specification and which dont. Short listed candidates will have their references taken up. These are statements about the character of the candidate written by someone who knows them. This is often their manager. * Short listed candidate are then invited for interview. Interview are sometimes only one person, but for more seniors jobs its usual to have a panel interview, on the whole the candidate is interviewed by two or more people * Interviews should ask the same questions to all candidates so that the process is fair. They should not ask questions that are irrelevant to the job and unfairly discriminate. * The interview can help schools assess how confident a candidate is and what the candidates social skills are and whether they will be compatible with the school and other workers some firms will give out a test to help them decide instead of an interview. Flexible workforce * Flexible contracts of employment in teaching are made by increasing the use temporary and part-time contracts. * Wages or earnings are flexible in teaching. * Ability of teachers to move form one school to another-can increase the flexibility within their labour forces by having the option of moving teachers to different jobs * Flexibility in school-large number of people are working away from the usual work place. . Training Development Training and developing is guiding or teaching someone to do something by providing them with a planned programme of their new job. The purpose of training is that training develops the skills and knowledge of employees to help them do their job better. That gives the employees the chance to have dream of a better job in the future. The purpose of training and developing process is to instruct an individual about how to carry out tasks directly related to his or her current job. Development involves helping an individual to realise his or her full potential. Types of training * Induction training is for new employees where they gain learn about the organisation and what types of duties that are expected from them. Schools use a form of this kind of training. * Mentoring is for new employees to the business in which are they paired with a more experienced worker. Law firms use this type of training. School have started to use this type of training. this is known as NQT, so that problems cane is solved informally. This can improve recruitment. Teachers take this kind of training when they are not that experienced. This kind of training can improve the teachers skills for both the person that is more experienced and the person that is still getting trained, because both sides can learn from each other. * Coaching is when you are paired with more experienced workers for example supervisors that help coach you, so that you learn new skills from more experienced teachers. Skills can be developed for both parties. This done Park View Academy when there is a new teacher that has just started to teach and needs to be with a teacher that is more experienced. If the new teacher has problem she/he speak to the teacher in confidence instead of the manager because if you speaks to the manager, your job might not last for long. The job may not last for long because the manager cannot have the trust for the new teacher. * Training provided by the organisation is known an in-house training and is usually associated with large organisation that has established training departments. * External training is where employees are sent to external courses or they are trained in different ways away from the organisation. In -house training can takes place in Park View Academy when a manager tells a teacher that they are not good at a particular point or skills and the line manager tells you to go on an external course to get trained and improve the particular area that your not good at. * In teaching this is important because they need to have the right skills in a classroom and they need to know how to control group of students. Without being trained, a teacher may not be able to control a class. The problem with training in a school is that it can have a lot of effect on the students because the teacher is still getting trained and the person can give out wrong information to the students without been sure if its the right information that needs to be provided. * In Park View Academy, training has to be kept up to date so teachers can be trained and trained and have new skills. If teachers are trained, it will allow students to get better grades. Better grades can get the school more student and the students will be more motivated Because teachers like students who are well motivated and get good grades, therefore it could get more teachers teaching in Park View Academy and make them stay longer. If teachers are staying longer in Park View Academy the school doesnt have to recruit teachers and that would save money to the school as well. Why is training developing important to the school? Training and developing is important because they may introduce new methods equipment or software and all staff will have to be trained. People are more motivated if they continue to learn and develop and staff may be interested in improving and extending their knowledge and skills so that they can undertake more varied work. It is important for teachers to be clear about the distinction between teacher training and teacher development so that the teachers can be fully aware of what kind of course they are attending. For teachers local training it would help the teachers prepare students lesson. Why is training developing important to Park View Academy? Many teachers keen are to engage in training because they see it as adding to their own motivation and enjoyment of work. For example, when theres a new teacher in Park View, that means introducing them to their place of work, job, and new surrounding and the people they will be working with. Introduction also provides information to help new teachers start work and is generally so that they can fit in. When training as teacher, trainee teachers work with a mentor who is responsible for their early training development. The student teacher will watch the mentor teach before starting his own teaching. The mentor will then give ongoing guidance to the student teacher on how best to improve his or her performance. This relates to performance management, which is described down below. Why is training and development need? Schools have to continually train teachers in skills because new exams and types of course appear quite often this could leave teachers in position were the teachers is unable to teach the lesson effectively. There are many types of training and these include, training programmes that will help teachers develop f the ICT skills that they will need to know for working with about new technologies. Like wise an existing teachers may be promoted to new position and need to be trained to do the new tasks. For example: if a teachers becomes a Head Teacher, then they will need to gain management skills to deal with the increased responsibility. What are the benefit of training developing? When an organisation introduces a training and development programme, it does so in order to ensure the best possible return on its investment in people. It helps a new employee reach the level of performance expected from an experienced worker. It provides a wide range of skills available to the organisation, both for present and in the future. It develops a knowledgeable and committed work force. Training is a tempting option for team leaders in some situations. It is reasonably simple to set up and make sure all team have taken part, in the hope that it will protect you, in some way, from the criticism of employees, employers or clients. Training is not always the most appropriate option. Problem with training and development The skills that teachers gain on their training course will be cut short, to make sure they obtain the relevant skills to teach the class but not to get new jobs in the private industry, which can bring in much larger income for teachers. For example, an ICT teacher may not get sent to web designing course because they will be giving them the option then to leave their jobs with the newly found skills that can help them get a much better job. It also includes: * It will cost money in the short term * Labour Turnover: cost to recruitment and selection Training Development cycle All of the above leads to sources of motivation for students and teachers learn new skills Teachers stay longer Student get better grade Higher spot in government league table More students and more teachers want to come More for the school Higher quality teachers Areas of conflict between human resources function: * The conflict between the training and development and HRM function is that training and development it trains workers and develops they skills and improves their knowledge and human resources management it encourages people to become teachers, doctors etc. * The conflict between the recruitment and selection functions and performance management function is that the recruitment and selection is that it recruits people and pick out the suitable person for the right job and performance management it identifies how to improve workers skills and how to achieve that skills. Performance Management Performance management assesses the needs of individual workers and how their performance can be improved. It defines the concept, which aims to link the work of individuals. It also includes setting objectives, because with in a matter of weeks of starting new job, people should be quite clear about priorities and what they are expected to achieve. It also refers to different strategies designed to get the best of a business work force. Different techniques are employed which attempt to relate performance with pay, promotion or training. Such schemes are not always popular with workers. Well-developed performance management system will include the following: * A statement outlining the organisations values * A statement of the organisations objectives * Individual objects which are linked to the organisations objectives * Regular performance review throughout the year * Performance-related pay * Training and counselling. * In teaching performance management usually relates to the following: Each member of the school it could be teacher, cleaner or technician should have an objectives that help in the running of the entire school * Training and counselling for teachers as soon as it is required. Training is usually the required at least to some degree for all teachers when they first start working for the school. How does PVA do performance management? Performance management in teaching for PVA is very important because PVA is very important because PVA needs to make sure that the teachers is making his/her teaching criteria in order to teach well. Therefore, when a teacher is not meeting criteria, they have a meeting with their manager to discuss about criteria and it can improve. It also important that school needs to get the best out their employees. Why is performance management important to PVA and countries? Performance management is important to Park View because if a teacher is not working to the best of their abilities the student would get bad would cause repercussions in businesses and schools throughout the country because schools teach students how to perform basic tasks in the career they want to pursue. Most courses and careers need maths, English at GCSE level C or above. College and university teachers and lectures went to school with out good educated teachers the student s at college and universities would also receive a bad education because there teachers were badly educated. This is why performance management is important to all industries starting with school like park view. Performance appraisal Performance appraisal is process of systematically evaluating performance and providing feedback on which performance adjustment can be made. Appraisal regularly records an assessment of an employees performance, potential and development needs. The appraisal is an opportunity to take an overall view of work content, loads and volume, to look back on what has been achieved during the reporting period and agree objectives for the next. Purpose of using performance appraisal at PVA * Describing the detailed job criteria against which performance will measured * What needs to be achieved * Giving explanation and goods reason of rewards given to individuals or groups. * Giving good explanation of the of the experience that an individual employee will need for herself/himself on going development. There are two types of appraisal: * Self-appraisal is about when youre assessing yourself. is when a teacher in Park View Academy are developing a much clearer picture of exactly what is expected of and what it is they are doing which makes work better. Their boss always says this to the teachers in Park View Academy but it is the teachers responsibility to achieve that within performance for it to be self-appraisal. * Peer appraisal is about when is sometimes used by students in Park View Academy when they are working as a team. Peer appraisal helps students work together as a team. Without peer appraisal there would be a danger, some students would do all the work while others sit back but still take the rewards. So it is therefore possible to devise forms for students to evaluate each others input, for example if students attended meetings? If they carried * out their share of the research? Etc. There are a number of rules that help peer appraisal to be a success which are: * Respect each other * Trust in each other * Willingness to take risks * Listen and give full attention Motivation Many people believe that they are motivated by earning money, but this is not entirely true, because other factors like variety of workplace where people worker. Worker needs to be appreciated for thy work they do. * The needs to be appreciated for the work they do may be reflected in the prestige attached do their job and while the need for variety workplace may be satisfied by an interesting job. * A school, which effects motivation, is that every individual has different needs. For example a teacher may prefer to work in his or her own than in friendly team. In order to have good motivation employees needs have to be found. This shows in how lack of motivation equals reduced effort and lack of communication. Motivation theory at Park View Academy Types of motivational theory * The Abraham Maslow- Hierarchy of needs. Maslows theories of motivation are based on meeting people in work place. * A self-actualisation- teacher feels they are achieving something. PVAs managers should help staff set and reach their own personal targets. * Esteem needs-Teachers feels that others value them. * Love needs-Teachers enjoy the company others, * Safety and health needs-Teacher feel safe and secure from harm. PVAs manager gives the teachers job security * Physiological needs- Teachers have food, water and clothing to live with. (GCSE business studies page 32) Thought the ages many men have had theories of which factors motivate and demotivated workers and McGregor describe the best one. McGregor theory had two theories called theory x and theory y. * Theory X says that workers do not enjoy working and will do absolutely nothing unless ordered to by a manager or an other worker who is at high rank than them sellers, for example a team leader. Those workers are just after money and they wait for someone to think for them and tell them what to do. * Theory Y says that workers dont like people to think for them and to tell them what to do an order that be followed but theory Y workers want some responsibility this responsibility shows these workers that you trust them and can go long way by motivating them to use their own mind this could allow them to find new more efficient ways of performing takes and give their opinions of wide range of subject around the work area. (business studies page 235 Motivational theory used in Park View Academy * Abraham maslow- drew up what he called a hierarchy of needs, with basics needs at the bottom and higher needs at the top. Maslow deemed that people should satisfy their lower level in their job. In Park View Academy teachers can follow the Hierarchy of needs and promote themselves. Douglas McGregor divided managers into two main parts. Theory X managers tend to have the view that: * The average person has an inherent dislike of work and so ill avoid it if at all possible. * Because people naturally dislike work, most people must be coerced, controlled, directed and/or threatened with punishment to get them to work towards business objectives. * The average person likes to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has little ambition and above all, seeks security. In Park View Academy Theory X are those teachers that do the work just for money they are not motivated and they have to be told by their manager to meet their objectives. If we look at the Hierarchy of needs the teacher that fits in to Theory X is not motivated enough to go up the Hierarchy of needs because the person is just their to earn money and they dont have much responsibilities. * For example, in Park View Academy theory teachers when they have a curriculum team meeting, they wouldnt suggest anything at all in the meeting and also they wouldnt be willing to take extra curriculum, for example would go for position like been a head of department. * Theory Y teachers are more pro-active during they curriculum team meeting and will suggestions about how to improve and change curriculum and in meetings they contribute more They might also set themselves targets and be willing to take an extra responsibility * For my research I found out that in most secondary school do performance management structure which relates how to teachers get paid and in order to the benefits, the teacher has to pass certain criteria. Their line manager in a performance management review monitors this. During they review they will provide evidence to show the criteria that goes for theory Y teachers and theory x teacher will only do the basic things. This helps theory Y teachers to know that their have met they personal targets McGregor has proposed an alternative Theory Y. The assumption about human motivation in Theory Y is as bellow: * Seeking more responsibilities motivates workers. * They enjoy working * Have more ambition in there work Bibliography Books AVCE Business Studies, by Dave Needham and Rob Dranfield Business studies, by Andrew Gillespic and Barry Martin (published 1999) Internet www.yahoo.co.uk www.googl.co.uk

Enlightenment Established by the Community Essay -- Philosophy, Socra

Sophocles’ Oedipus, Plato’s ship owner, and Plato’s prisoner in the cave share a common theme of reluctance to learn from the truth, and show the role that others play in facing self-identity. All three, Oedipus, the ship owner, and the prisoner in the cave illustrate the theme of deliberation manifested by a society. Enlightened by others, Oedipus finally learns that he has committed murder and incest. Similarly, the ship owner is shown his limitations and thus understands that he is not qualified to navigate his vessel when the sailors quarrel over who would be next in command. Furthermore, the prisoner in the cave is dragged out by others (community of enlightened individuals) and given the opportunity to view the real world for the first time. Therefore, with the assistance of others (community), Oedipus, the ship owner, and the prisoner in the cave are able to acknowledge their identities and face the truth about their erroneous behavior. Through Sophocles a nd Plato, civic deliberation comes into these three approaches: (1) with the evidence given to him by the public, Oedipus learns the truth of his identity, and accepts the judgment and punishment he had imposed on the culprit before he knew; (2) through the violent actions of the sailors, the ship owner acknowledges his limitations; and (3) the prisoner is dragged from the cave into the world of sunlight, exposed to the truth and returns to the cave to deliberate with others to come out. Hence, all three cases show the process of civic deliberation is achieved through community. Oedipus at first finds the implications of killing his father and sleeping with his mother difficult to tolerate as a factual manifestation of his past. He disputes the fact that he had caused suc... ...liance with the truth. Socrates states, â€Å"The truth of the matter is that it makes no difference whether you’re rich or poor: if you fell ill, you’re bound to dance attendance on a doctor, and if you need to accept authority, you must dance attendance on someone in authority who is capable of providing it† (Plato 209-210), in order to convey that a individual requires a society or a third party to become enlightened. Oedipus ultimately becomes aware of his errors when the community shows them to him. The ship owner becomes aware of his incapability when the sailors threaten to overthrow him. The prisoner in the cave acknowledges the truth when others force him out of the cave. Thus Socrates serves as a model of civic deliberation when he illustrates their behavior and, questions through dialogue with his interlocutors, the ability to find truth and be enlightened.

Prose Coursework Great Expectations Essay

The opening three chapters of Charles Dickens’ novel Great Expectations are effective as they grab the reader’s attention and keep them interested wanting to read more. This is what every author strives to do at the beginning of a novel. Charles Dickens’ does this by creating effects by using a variety of methods. The methods include vivid descriptions of characters, settings and the weather. Other methods include selected use of language to create atmosphere and mood. Alliteration and repetition are used as well as cliff hangers to create suspense at the end of chapters. Pip, an orphan being raised by his sister and her husband, encounters a frightening man in the village graveyard. The man, a convict who escaped from a prison ship, scares Pip into stealing him some food and a file to grind away his leg shackle. Mrs. Joe, Pip’s sister beats him around but her husband is a kind man and Pip is expected to follow into his line of work as a blacksmith. Pip gets invited to the house of a rich woman, Miss Havisham is an old woman who was abandoned on her wedding day making her give up on life. She has an adopted daughter named Estella, Pip’s childhood crush which later becomes love. Pip visits Miss Havisham regularly until she tells him his apprenticeship with Joe must begin and never to return. Pip is miserable with his becoming a blacksmith and worries Estella would find him â€Å"common†. Biddy, a young girl comes to care for Mrs Joe who was attacked and became severely disabled. Pip settles into normal life until he is approached by a lawyer who reveals strange news: Pip has inherited a lot of money from an anonymous benefactor, who Pip thinks is Miss Havisham who desires him to marry Estella, and must leave for London immediately, to become a gentleman. In London Pip becomes friends with a boy named Herbert Pocket. Pip spends many years in London and remains ashamed of Joe as they grow apart. One stormy night learns the true identity of is benefactor, but a criminal, Magwitch; who Pip fed in the churchyard many years ago. Magwitch gave pip the money as a show of gratitude and also as he believes Pip reminds of his own child presumed dead. Magwitch wants to spend more time with Pip, but as he is still a wanted criminal who faces being hung when caught. Herbert and Pip make a plan for them (Pip and Magwitch) to leave the country by rowing down the river and catching a streamer bound for Europe Magwitch’s old criminal enemy Compeyson follows them. Compeyson is the man who abandoned Miss Havisham at the altar. Just before Pip flees the country with Magwitch he pays one last visit to Miss Havisham and finds her filled with regret wanting his forgiveness. She gets a little too close to the fire and ends up in flames, Pip rescues her but she ends up dying from her severe burns. Magwitch gets caught after trying to escape with Pip as he is told on by Compeyson. Compeyson and Magwitch fight and Compeyson dies, and Magwitch, badly injured is taken to jail. Pip discovers Magwitch is Estella’s father and tells him so before he dies. With no money Pip goes into business with Herbert. Joe and Biddy are happily married and have a child named after Pip. Pip visits Miss Havisham’s house one more time and finds Estella who wants Pip to accept her as a fried. When the novel ends it appears that Pip and Estella will finally end up together. Chapter one is an effective opening chapter as the readers are made to feel sympathy for the main character Pip. As Pip is the narrator he introduces himself by telling us his name â€Å"†¦my infant tongue could make of both names nothing longer or more explicit than Pip.† Through this the reader senses Pip’s vulnerability through his inability to pronounce his own name Philip Pirrip. The narrator is also made to feel sympathetic towards Pip as he is an orphan â€Å"†¦Philip Pirrip late of this parish, and also Georgiana wife of the above were dead and buried†¦Ã¢â‚¬  His loneliness and pity is further emphasised when the names of his dead brothers and sisters are list , in giving them names Charles Dickens’ makes them feel more realistic and in a way more alive. As this novel is set in the 1800’s it reinforces the high rate of infant mortality. Pip’s plight is also emphasised by the descriptions of his parents, â€Å"†¦The shape of the letters on my father’s gave me the odd idea that he was a square, stout, dark man†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This may create sympathy as the Pip has to draw conclusions about his parents from their graves. All this sympathy and methods used to create sympathy for Pip are effective as the reader may want to read on to find out if Pip’s life improves later in the novel. Dickens’ also keeps the readers interest by effectively describing the setting. Great Expectations was written at a time when the gothic genre was very popular. This was probably the reason why the setting is described with gothic features e.g.: dark. The example of gothic genre in chapter one is the graveyard. â€Å"Bleak place overgrown with nettles†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The setting is described in long complex sentences to give more detailed imagery. The imagery is used to describe the setting as quite an eerie place â€Å"†¦savage lair†¦dark, flat wilderness†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This conveys how scared Pip must feel and sets the mood and atmosphere as something fearful to be awaited. This puts the audience on edge and makes them want to carry on reading to find out exactly what will happen. Dickens’ also uses pathetic fallacy to emphasise Pips emotional states. It also prepares the reader for the dangers ahead. The introduction of the convict (later known as Magwitch) is also effective as the reader wants to know more about this violent character. The way the character is introduced is in a very dramatical way â€Å"†¦started up from among the graves†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He is introduced by him shouting orders at Pip â€Å"Hold your noise† this makes him sound violent from the outset. The way his speech is written makes him sound uneducated and from a working class background â€Å"†¦pint out the place†¦Ã¢â‚¬  All of the convict’s speech is written in short sharp sentences and nearly always in the form of orders. Dickens’ may have done this to portray the character as someone to be feared which in turn may cause the reader to feel more sympathy for Pip as he has to take orders from the convict. The description given on the convict includes verbs such as â€Å"†¦soaked †¦ smothered†¦ lamed†¦ cut†¦ stung†¦ limped†¦ shivered†¦ glared†¦ growled†¦seized† are used. The verbs are all negative verbs may have been used to show that the convict has escaped from somewhere and is acting in sheer desperation. In a way the verbs and description may also lead to the reader feeling sympathy for the convict after all his been through.

Film review on the 3 idiots Essay

Farhan qureshi and raju rastogi want to re-unite with their fellow collegian, rancho, after faking a stroke aboard an air india plane, and excusing himself from his wife – trouser less – respectively. Enroute, they encounter another student, chatur ramalingam, now a successful businessman, who reminds them of a bet they had undertaken 10 years ago. The trio, while recollecting hilarious antics, including their run-ins with the dean of delhi’s imperial college of engineering, viru sahastrabudhe, race to locate rancho, at his last known address – little knowing the secret that was kept from them all this time. Source: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1187043/plotsummary F. Criticize on the following I. Story and theme It has a great story of different students; raju wants to uplift his family fortunes. Rancho is a wealthy genius who studies for the sheer joy of it. Farhan wants to become a wildlife photographer, but has joined engineering college to fulfil his father’s wish. They all lived their college years to the fullest even though there are a lot of troubles happening to them. They helped each other in their own lives as well as their other dreams in life. Ii. Screenplay It has a nice script, a typical college life mostly students experience. There are a lot of troubles that they need to solve and they are together as one. Through all their sorrows and happiness they stayed on each other’s side. All praises to the screenplay writer because it was a very hilarious movie that everyone will enjoy watching it.Iii. Direction The direction was good, because there a lot happening in one sequence and the director managed to do everything he can to direct everyone else who was part of the film. Especially the dance numbers done by the students, it takes lots of patience in doing such for a film. Iv. Cinematography The cinematography is good, they featured a lot of great sights and locations. Although, i’m not sure where those locations are. (probably in india) it featured some really great shots of buildings and landscapes. And from what i read, the set that they used for the engineering school is really small. The way they shot the movie made it big. That is a really great factor. V. Editing The editing had a few issues with continuity. The movie was two hours and forty minutes long. We are not sure if that is the director’s cut we watched or if the movie was really that long. According to people who have seen the movie, it is really long. Nevertheless, they managed to squeeze all the important elements of the movie well. One of our favorite parts is when the scene is set at raju’s family’s house. The screen would change into black and white since the narrator described their house to be a perfect setting for a family who is struggling in a drama movie. A father who is sick, a mother who has no job and a sister who cannot be wed- definitely black and white. Vi. Acting Very convincing indeed, especially during the scenes wherein they needed to cry. This movie is very wholesome, because there was not a lot of sexual things going on. The setting is in a university and from our past experiences whenever we watch movies like these, there would be a lot of sexy girls trying to seduce the guys. In this movie’s case, the only â€Å"sexual† instances that we saw was when chatur tried to disrupt the concentration of the students who were studying the night before their exams by slipping â€Å"erotic magazines† inside each dormitory. And another instance was when pia was drunk and she went to the â€Å"3 idiots† dormitory. But nothing happened, no one took advantage of her sexually. Overall, their acting is very believable and they portrayed their characters well. Vii. Dialogues Viii. Soundtrack Ix. Visual effects X. Costume and make-up G. Additional notes to consider I. Any interesting facts about the ‘making of the film’ The college and the hostel scenes were filmed at indian institute of management, bangalore, although the fictional â€Å"imperical college of engineering† depicted in the movie is situated in the city of delhi. The ragging scenes were shot in the girl’s dormitory and the resident girls saw the whole scene (not shown). The actors admitted feeling uncomfortable while getting undressed to their underwear in front of them and getting their buttocks stamped. Aamir khan’s character rancho says in the movie that people study engineering, then management, and then become bankers, so what is the whole point of studying engineering. This is exactly what chetan bhagat (the author of ‘five point someone’, the book from which the movie has been adapted) did. He studied engineering from iit, management from iim, and became a banker. While shooting the drunk scene, aamir suggested that they get really drunk and that happened on the shoot which resulted in numerous retakes and the stock of camera roll got over and the unit had to go to another shoot in bangalore (where the film was shot) to get roll. Ii. Budget and box-office performance Iii. Awards and honors Iv. Social, political, and/or historical context for the film, controversies and issues A controversy developed a few days after the release, however, over the fact that chetan’s credit, â€Å"based on the novel five point someone by chetan bhagat† appeared in the closing credits rather than in the opening ones. At that time, bhagat stated that he â€Å"was expecting an opening credit and i was quite surprised on not seeing it. They had bought the rights, made the payment and committed to a credit in the contract. It’s there, but it’s not about it being there, it’s about the placement and the prominence.† in a 31 december 2009 blog post on his personal website, bhagat stated that he was told the movie was only 2–5% based on the book, but when he saw it, he felt that it was 70% of the book. He also argued that he was misled by the makers of the film, though he noted, that â€Å"this has nothing to do with mr. Arpit godha i am a big fan of aamir and he has made my story reach people. However, he was told by the makers not to read the book, and he hasn’t. Thus, he cannot comment on the issue in a meaningful manner.† V. What others have said about the film? From http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1187043/reviews – aamir does it again. What a movie .from start to the end, hilarious moments.screenplay is fantastic. Full on comedy and yet it never looses its heart. Aamir pulls off a 22 year old character with brilliance. Never for once you feel you are watching aamir .it was rancho on screen. Sharman n madhavan – i bow down to them. Music looks ok on cd but during movie it worked as a plus point. Situational tracks works in the favour of film. Runtime may sound a bit too much but believe me, you wont know when the first half is over. Second half may seem a bit too hilarious but apart from that its a masterpiece. Gr8 aamir ,another brilliant movie. – rajkumar hirani†¦ The name is enough to create an excitement in any cinema-fan alive. Munnabhai series have been awesome films, and his latest offering ‘3 idiots’ is another masterstroke from this genius. I have no idea how 5-point-someone is, all i know is that ‘3 idiots’ is an amazing/awesome/inspiring film. A treat of a film! A film that is rich in emotions, a film that leaves behind a great moral. The youth are sure to worship this film, and that will make this film a blockbuster. Cancel anything you’re planning to do till the 31st, watch ‘3 idiots’, it’s worth your time and money. Hirani and joshi’s script is simply superb. Through humor how many rights and wrongs are said. I really loved the way hirani showed us sharman’s family. A typical 1950’s family, it’s hilarious as well as genius. The film has superb performances: aamir is fantastic as funsok wang do. He’s a delight every time he appears on screen and delivers his careers finest work. Maddy excels, he’s astounding in the sequence when he shares his heart with his father. Sharman joshi is good, yet again. Omi is a masterstroke. A surprise packet, his speech sequence is sure to be remembered forever! Kareena is weak. Boman irani is mind-blowing as the vicious head. He leaves you speechless in the scene when he awards aamir the pen. Mona is average. The music is decent, with ‘all izz well’ being a complete chart-buster. The cinematography is perfect. All other departments are satisfactory. – thankfully i drank coffee during the movie but ran out of m&m chocolates and was desperate to pass the time quickly. To me a movie is an escapism from reality. I want to be thrilled and entertained. But ‘3 idiots’ was reminding me of the reality and stating the obvious philosophies. It was predictable. Everything was so nice and cheesy. Oh hug me i hug you bullshits repeated over and over again. I love nice people and nice things happening but thats in reality. In the movie i wanted something different. End of the day, i had a sense of accomplishment for sitting through the entire movie. H. Values and relevance – never try to be successful, pursue excellence – freedom to life, life is beautiful – passion leads to excellence – learning is very simple, never stop – life is management of emotions & no optimization of intelligence I. Overall analysis: The movie is very hilarious that you don’t want to miss any single sequence of it. It was such a nice movie recommended especially to students because they will learn a lot. The movie is fit for college students. It only shows that no matter where you come from, as long as you love your craft. You will be able to finish what you started.

Process Analysis in Richard Selzers Essay The Knife

Process Analysis in Richard Selzers Essay The Knife An accomplished surgeon and a professor of surgery, Richard Selzer is also one of Americas most celebrated essayists. When I put down the scalpel and picked up a pen, he once wrote, I reveled in letting go. The following paragraphs from The Knife, an essay in Selzers first collection, Mortal Lessons: Notes on the Art of Surgery  (1976), vividly describe the process of the laying open of the body of a human being. Selzer calls the pen the distant cousin of the knife. He once said to author and artist Peter Josyph, Blood and ink, at least in my hands, have a certain similarity. When you use a scalpel, blood is shed; when you use a pen, ink is spilled. Something is let in each of these acts (Letters to a Best Friend  by Richard Selzer, 2009). from "The Knife"* by Richard Selzer A stillness settles in my heart and is carried to my hand. It is the quietude of resolve layered over fear. And it is this resolve that lowers us, my knife and me, deeper and deeper into the person beneath. It is an entry into the body that is nothing like a caress; still, it is among the gentlest of acts. Then stroke and stroke again, and we are joined by other instruments, hemostats and forceps, until the wound blooms with strange flowers whose looped handles fall to the sides in steely array. There is sound, the tight click of clamps fixing teeth into severed blood vessels, the snuffle and gargle of the suction machine clearing the field of blood for the next stroke, the litany of monosyllables with which one prays his way down and in: clamp, sponge, suture, tie, cut. And there is color. The green of the cloth, the white of the sponges, the red and yellow of the body. Beneath the fat lies the fascia, the tough fibrous sheet encasing the muscles. It must be sliced and the red beef of the muscles separated. Now there are retractors to hold apart the wound. Hands move together, part, weave. We are fully engaged, like children absorbed in a game or the craftsmen of some place like Damascus. Deeper still. The peritoneum, pink and gleaming and membranous, bulges into the wound. It is grasped with forceps, and opened. For the first time we can see into the cavity of the abdomen. Such a primitive place. One expects to find drawings of buffalo on the walls. The sense of trespassing is keener now, heightened by the worlds light illuminating the organs, their secret colors revealedmaroon and salmon and yellow. The vista is sweetly vulnerable at this moment, a kind of welcoming. An arc of the liver shines high and on the right, like a dark sun. It laps over the pink sweep of the stomach, from whose lower border the gauzy omentum is draped, and through which veil one sees, sinuous, slow as just-fed snakes, the indolent coils of the intestine. You turn aside to wash your gloves. It is a ritual cleansing. One enters this temple doubly washed. Here is man as microcosm, representing in all his parts the earth, perhaps the universe.    * The Knife, by Richard Selzer, appears in the essay collection Mortal Lessons: Notes on the Art of Surgery, originally published by Simon Schuster in 1976, reprinted by Harcourt in 1996.

DNA and the Human Genome Project essays

DNA and the Human Genome Project essays What is the Human Genome Project? To understand the HGP one must know what a genome is. A genome is all the DNA in an organism including its genes. The genes carry information for making all the proteins needed by all organisms. The proteins establish what the organisms look like, how it fights infection, and how the organisms behave. This is a project with a 13-year effort that was begun in October 1990. This project has been planned to last 15 years, but because of all the technological advances, the expected completion date is now 2003. this project has five main goals to base the research upon. One is to distinguish all the approximate 100,000 genes in human DNA. Two is to be able to establish the sequences of the 3 billion chemical bases that make up the human DNA. They are also going to use this information and store it in databases as a third goal. The fourth goal is to create tools for data analysis. As a fifth and final goal, they are going to direct specific time to the eth ical, legal, social issues that may be brought up by this project. The most important goal of the HGP is to obtain the DNA sequences of 3 billion DNA subunits present in the human DNA. The US HGP is lead by Ari Patrinos, which is head of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The progress toward HGP sequencing goals is 47% of 3 billion DNA base pairs. The working draft sequence goal is going to be 90% by the summer of 2000. The finished high-quality sequence is expected to be 100% by the year 2003. There are many laboratories around the US Receiving funding from either the Department of Energy or the National Institute of Health and sometimes both. The most funding for research is at numerous colleges, universities 33 in all, and laboratories. At certain times the Department of Energy funds about 200 separate principal investigators for the research provided for the HGP. The major HGP investigators are laboratories and 6 universities. The ...

You Need an Audience

You Need an Audience Some of you will frown reading that headline, because in every aspect of your writing life, to be considered successful, you need an audience. And we hate that part of our profession: Platform. That doesnt mean you need 10,000 Twitter fans, 15,000 Facebook followers, 40,000 newsletter readers or 50,000 unique visitors to your blog, so dont get all bothered If you think a hundred or a thousand is out of your reach, then ponder what and who youre writing for. If its friends and family, then dont bother with all the hoopla of a publisher, Amazon, ISBNs or any professional needs of a book. Write your blog for loved ones only and quit looking at the statistics. Write for free in magazines that pay in copies. Otherwise, you need a fan base. One thousand people who would walk through hell for you and drag others along with them. How do you do that? 1) Show up to work each and every day. Fans dont want helter-skelter idols. They want the person to be there when THEY show up. If you skip days, you lose ground, and your fans will find someone more reliable. Post somewhere. Write something. Dont let the gears get rusty. 2) Produce each and every day. Whatever you write, tap into it daily. If you are writing a long project, then work at social media, write short pieces, or freelance in periodicals. But write like you eat, brush your teeth, and change your underwear. Make it that ingrained in your mental and physical existence. 3) Respond without exception. When a reader messages you on Facebook, sends a Tweet, emails or comments on your blog, respond. Put effort into the reply. Respect that person for taking the time. A well-worded reply can buy a fan for years, and if youre attentive enough, that fan will tell the story to dozens. 4) Avoid confrontation. You are writing for these people. You have messages to deliver and stories to tell. Dont pick a fight. Let others have their opinions. Be attentive to their needs, and theyll be attentive to yours.

Encounter with insects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Encounter with insects - Essay Example To help me get over my fear of insect, my father’s best friend motivated me to see Dr. Smith who happens to be an expert in treating patients with entomophobia. The worst experience I had with a weird-looking insect took place inside a hospital clinic when I decided to visit Dr. Smith one Saturday afternoon. At first, Dr. Smith was very friendly as he made me describe in words how I feel when I first encountered an insect. Obediently, I explained to Dr. Smith that I was bitten by a cockroach when I was three years of age. Since then, I would scream each time I encounter a cockroach. By the time I left his clinic, I realized that it was the worst nightmare I had encountered in all my life. Neuro-Linguistic Programming and Hypnotherapy Dr. Smith explained to me that neuro-linguistic programming combined with hypnotherapy is effective in treating fear of insect. After conducting a research study on neuro-linguistic programming, I learned that this approach to psychotherapy focuse s on analyzing the interrelated link between neurological process, language, and behavioral patterns of the patient through experiential programming (Dilts et al., 1980, p. 2). With the purpose of modifying the patient’s behavior, attitude, and emotional perception about insects, hypnotherapy uses hypnosis as a technique in making the patient able to overcome fear of insect (Havens & Walters, 2002, p. 38). To help me go through diagnostic trance, Dr. Smith instructed me to close my eyes, sit comfortably in the lazy boy chair and relax for a while. This step was necessary to keep me relax throughout the hypnotic procedure. After a while, Dr. Smith instructed me to concentrate on recalling the incident when I first saw the cockroach that bit me many years ago. While concentrating on recalling how the cockroach was fast approaching me, Dr. Smith whispered in my ears to remain quiet, wait patiently, and try to recall the unpleasant sensation I felt when the cockroach was biting m y feet. Even before proceeding to next procedure, I was not able to help but freak out and get distracted by the creepy sensation I started to feel. Therefore, Dr. Smith had no other choice but to repeat the hypnotic procedure right from the start. Carrion Beetle After the 3rd try, Dr. Smith was successful in making me overcome the creepy sensation I was receiving from trying to recall the past incidence I had with the cockroach. At that point, I was very thankful to Dr. Smith for helping me deal with my own fear. Since I was very happy and contented with the hypnotic therapy results, I was rushing my way out of Dr. Smith’s clinic so I can share the good news to my father. Even before I managed to leave the clinic, Dr. Smith called my attention and told me that the therapeutic intervention was not yet over. To ensure that I was able to effectively deal with my fear, Dr. Smith told me that I need to go through the last stage of clinical test. Dr. Smith instructed me to wait fo r him while he gets something from the laboratory room. Smiling back at him, I said â€Å"okay†. While he was out of the clinic, I was imagining how my parents would react with the good news. After a couple

Foreign Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Foreign - Assignment Example costs, distribution, advertising costs and government policies are some of the many factors which mostly impacts on the success of a new business in a new country. Physical and demographic environment such as the population, its distribution and growth impact on a new business in that it determines the capital invested in establishing the business and quantity of production. Economic environment goes a long way in analyzing the existing competitor and the availability of disposable income and patterns of expenditure (Hopkins 13). Cultural and social environment touches on a diverse range of factors. These factors which entail situations like education levels and literacy rates can detriment the success of a business in a foreign country. Legal environment constitutes of government guidelines that foresee how trade is oparationalised on the day to day basis. This may include working hours which may vary from country to country depending on its governing legislations.Lastly, political environment also to a great extent impacts on business growth in a foreign country. Constant political turmoil scuttles security prospects which in the long run lead to eventual failure of the

Medieval gargoyles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medieval gargoyles - Essay Example representing animal faces, or anthropomorphic, i.e. representing human form. The term â€Å"gargoyle† is extensively used with any grotesque carving of buildings of medieval times. They are a fascinating element of medieval architecture and are not only related to medieval churches and cathedrals, but also associated with English gothic castles. Gargoyles are ideal resemblance of great lords, who in order to crush and make natives do what they want, built such intricate fortresses and castles (Stratis Demon). Although the word â€Å"gargoyles† in plumbing sense appear to be followed since Ancient Greek times or even before that but they became popular in medieval times during the Victorian era. During Elizabethan period, channels or troughs used had no carved shapes on them (Stratis Demon). Initially most of the gargoyles used were usually made of wood and were generally undecorated. Along the progress in time, gargoyles were made with stone and lead and were made in the form of carvings of or absurd representations of animals and people. Those carvings were the creation of imaginative and proficient hands, often so ingenious as to carry a little or no resemblance to normal creature. During the first appearance of gargoyles in 1200 century, the people of other faiths were so much influenced by Roman Catholic Church that they converted to Catholic. An argument for attractive looking gargoyles at that time appeared, since most people were not literate at that time and therefore the images of gargoyles were of great importance then. In addition, many non-believers of Christianity were used to with the religious images like of animals or of those that included both humans and animals (e.g. unicorn, horned God). They were greatly encouraged to join the Christianity by putting similar images on churches and cathedrals as they felt more complacent about it. It is important to mention that some other accommodations like gargoyles were made by churches at

HIV1-Infection Drug Resistance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HIV1-Infection Drug Resistance - Essay Example Antiretroviral therapy is the only existing response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The disease has already and continues to kill so many people in the world. The virus mutates to thrive in antiretroviral conquered environments. This is an obstacle as it will make scientists stop focusing on coming up with a cure and start thinking of fighting this resistance. There is the need, therefore, to understand why the virus mutates and consider the strength of second-line regimens treatments as an alternative. The middle-income countries face the most challenges in trying to solve the virus’ resistance to ART. There is need for independent organizations from developed countries to carry out researches to explain these Assumptions The paper makes the general assumption that, in all low and middle-income countries, the resistance and rate of spread are the same. The opportunistic infections are the same in the people living with the disease in the low and middle-income countries. In additio n to that, the assumption in this paper is that the resistance to antiretroviral therapy is due to mutation of the virus, and no other factors result in the case. Limitations The paper is limited in explaining the factors that contribute to the resistance observed in emerging cases. The reason or reasons as to why the virus mutates once it gets in new environments are not explained. Preview and Methodology The literature review in this paper looks at three different reports analyzing the emergence of the virus and its resistance nature.

MS project capstone Thesis Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

MS project capstone - Thesis Proposal Example In cases where platforms are found through operating systems, a limitation is also seen in the number of functionalities that the monitoring systems can perform. A new application is therefore recommended with a multi-purpose functionality that combines aesthetic power with performance. This application will give a visual display of all that it taking place within the networking process including upload and download speeds, new clients that join the network, rate of highest and lowest value fluctuations and so on. Topic Statement Not long ago, most network system administrators were very limited in terms of the available operating systems with which they could use to process their system applications. This is because there was so much monopoly in the operating system market (Fielding, Teutsch and Koh, 2012). Today, the introduction of some new and somewhat advanced forms of operating systems such as the android operating system has eradicated this deficiency. But as much as the avail ability of new operating systems comes with their own advantages and merits, there are some key challenges that network system administrators have to face. A typical example of this is the influx of websites, servers, routers, surveillance systems and Wi-Fi management systems, all of which perfectly fit into the processing and use of a single network operation. In order to ensure that the number of applications possible to run on a single network does not become a burden, network system administrators need to have troubleshooting tools that can monitor the periodic activities that take place within these websites, servers, routers, surveillance systems, and Wi-Fi management applications. Even though there are more of such new operating systems that may effectively serve the purposes of network system administrators, there is particular emphasis on the android operating system, which comes with a number of android applications for use by network system administrators. Significance Th e significance section of the project capstone touches on what the researcher wants to show for the entire project at the end of the day; as well as the specific activities that will be needed to perform to make the achievement of this possible. In effect, the aim is a generalized goal whiles the objectives are a set of activities that needs to be performed to achieve the aim. Consequently, the aim of the proposed study is to design an application. To successfully achieve this, the following specific objectives must be met. 1 To identify a networking system that works best for android devices 2 To develop an application that monitors the upload and down speed per second. 3 To develop an application that can monitor the number of connection users at any present time on the network. 4 To create a network monitoring system that looks specifically at the rate of network running. 5 To create a simplified version of network monitor that works in the forms of a dashboard for easy visibilit y and accessibility. 6 To build a Wi-Fi network data traffic that will be responsible for monitoring the capabilities of network to be sure that these networks perform to their maximum capacities. 7 To have a warning system in place against network data traffic. Proposed Solution and Deliverable The researcher shall embark on a mixed research approac

HIV1-Infection Drug Resistance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HIV1-Infection Drug Resistance - Essay Example Antiretroviral therapy is the only existing response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The disease has already and continues to kill so many people in the world. The virus mutates to thrive in antiretroviral conquered environments. This is an obstacle as it will make scientists stop focusing on coming up with a cure and start thinking of fighting this resistance. There is the need, therefore, to understand why the virus mutates and consider the strength of second-line regimens treatments as an alternative. The middle-income countries face the most challenges in trying to solve the virus’ resistance to ART. There is need for independent organizations from developed countries to carry out researches to explain these Assumptions The paper makes the general assumption that, in all low and middle-income countries, the resistance and rate of spread are the same. The opportunistic infections are the same in the people living with the disease in the low and middle-income countries. In additio n to that, the assumption in this paper is that the resistance to antiretroviral therapy is due to mutation of the virus, and no other factors result in the case. Limitations The paper is limited in explaining the factors that contribute to the resistance observed in emerging cases. The reason or reasons as to why the virus mutates once it gets in new environments are not explained. Preview and Methodology The literature review in this paper looks at three different reports analyzing the emergence of the virus and its resistance nature.

New Market Expansion Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

New Market Expansion - Term Paper Example The company holds approximately 40,000 acres of rare-earth elements in various parts of the U.S including Colorado and Montana. The rare-earth minerals have been an important resource used in most advanced technologies, particularly clean-energy technology such as that used in energy-efficient cars as well as hi-tech products such as mobile phones, hard disk drives, digital music devices as well as the telecommunication sector including fiber-optic technology (U.S. Rare Earths, Inc., 2013). Additionally, these minerals have been used as in water purification treatments as well as radar devices and global navigation (U.S. Rare Earths, Inc., 2013). Therefore, this industry is highly valuable in terms of the usage of these minerals, and therefore, is highly rewarding as well. As noted by researchers, China is currently the single source that is enriched with these minerals and supplies 90% of the world’s supply of rare earths (Bloomberg News, 2013). As per China’s policy, exports of rare earths have been decreased with government plans to hoard up critical minerals. The Government of China seems to be taking active interest in this booming industry with the intention of developing particular types of â€Å"permanent magnets (Zhang, 2011)†. ... On the other hand, China’s recent move to cut exports critical to Western technologies seems to signal the government’s intention to give priority to the locals. This could threaten our ability to secure contract with the Chinese firm Xinhua which has been established for over 15 years in the field. Nevertheless, this industry provides the opportunity for lucrative profits as international prices of rare earth minerals are expected to rise (Market Watch: The Wall Street Journal, 2013). These prices are expected to increase for another two years or so. This demonstrates strong economic activity boosted by technological advancements and industrial demand. Owing to the critical political significance of this sector, the Chinese government is taking active interest in this industry by dictating policies for the exploitation of these rare minerals. The mounting political significance of this sector has led the government to maintain a great deal of ‘secrecy’ reg arding recent developments in this sector and, therefore, gaining the trust of the government as well as Xinhua will be a challenge. Despite various challenges, there is strong basis for entering into the Chinese market. In light of this, a joint venture arrangement shall be held with a local Chinese Rare Earth firm Xinhua. Considering that the company is dominantly Western in nature, this expansion shall mark a dramatic cultural shift in terms of the work practices and management style. For this purpose, it is useful to analyze the Chinese culture using the â€Å"high context† and â€Å"low context† classification. High context cultures have been typically defined as those whereby individuals use non-verbal

The welcome centre Essay Example for Free

The welcome centre Essay CLM (Christian Life Ministries) is a church based in Coventry City Centre. Being a registered charity, they wanted to look at ways in which they could raise money to help finance its various activities, many of which benefit the local and international community. In 2000, The Welcome Centre was launched, in which a team of people started using the building venue to provide a catering and hospitality service to paying customers, who were looking for somewhere where they could hold conferences and events, hire equipment and to have food served. The customers who pay to use the services of the Welcome Centre are either commercial customers, such as Coventry City Council, local schools or colleges, or other charity-based organisations. Charities would be able to use the facilities at a discounted rate compared to commercial customers. Customers hire the services of The Welcome Centre for many different types of events, from large conferences to training days and small meetings. The Welcome Centre has up to 4 rooms that can be hired (Grace Room, Grace Room 1, The Elegance Suite, The Serenity Suite), and each room has a capacity between 20 and 250 people. As well as hiring a room, customers have the option of hiring additional equipment, such as a data projector, video projector, OHP, PA equipment and Flip Charts. The price for hiring equipment is on a 1/2 day basis. An event may want a variety of catering options too. The Welcome Centre can provide beverages (e. g. tea, coffee, cold drinks), as well as various food options (Finger Buffet, Finger Buffet with Dessert, Hot Buffet with Dessert). Since opening, the success of the organisation has grown rapidly. This is due to the friendliness of the staff, as well as the level of service offered. As a result, the team has grown from 2 to 7 people. They are looking to expand, and with a future building project underway too, they hope to be able to offer even larger facilities for up to 650 people, as well as to grow their existing customer base. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION As the business is growing, the staff are getting increasingly busier. One of the key problems is that a manual booking system is used. A customer will call or email with a request for a conference. The staff will write down some basic details about the event such as the contacts name, event name and date and time of the conference. They will also ask the customer for the number of delegates, and therefore determine the number and size of rooms required. Catering requirements for food and beverages, as well as the hire of equipment will also be recorded. This information will all be recorded in a central paper-based diary, which can often become messy as customers sometimes phone to cancel or amend their booking, meaning that the handwriting can become unreadable. This could then lead to mistakes being made such as double-bookings, or not getting everyones requirements correct for a conference. Chris Ruck, one of the team, will sometimes word process the quotation onto a basic blank template produced in Word Processing software (MS Word). After creating the quotation, he will then save it onto his computer. He will sometimes do the same for invoices. The problem with this is that the same information is being entered up to three times; once in the diary, secondly on the quotation, and thirdly onto an invoice. Duplicating the information sometimes leads to small typing mistakes appearing on the documents. Also, it wastes Chris valuable time that could be used for other tasks, such as preparing rooms for conferences. Invoicing is a very important task for The Welcome Centre, as it is the way it requests payment from a customer once a conference has taken place. Tony will often to have to create 20 to 30 invoices at a time. Unfortunately, Tony Williams has very limited experience with computers. If Chris is not available and invoices have to be sent out, Tony will have to write out an invoice by hand into a blank template. This is very time consuming for him, and as the General Manager, he has many more important jobs that he could be doing. Also, handwritten invoices do not look very professional, and so these really should be created and printed from a computer to give a better corporate image. Tony sometimes has to handwrite quotations too for the same reasons. Scope The scope for this task is to find a way of entering booking details for conferences, and to create a quotation for that conference. Creating invoices will not be included in this task. Also, to simplify the task, we will focus on commercial customers only and not charity customers, as the prices are all different. DETAILS OF CLIENT, USER(S) AND AUDIENCE (IF APPLICABLE). IDENTIFICATION OF THE CLIENT The client for this project is Tony Williams, who is the General Manager of the Welcome Centre. Tonys role includes creating the rota of when his team are working, taking booking details from customers for future conferences and negotiating prices if applicable. Tony is also involved in creating quotations for a conference booking to inform the customer how much it will cost. He may also create invoices for a conference that has taken place to request payment. He will also need to keep track of payments for conferences by customers, and chase any outstanding payments. He is also very hands-on in his role, and he will support his staff with serving and room set-up when required. The solution for this task will need to meet Tonys requirements. IDENTIFICATION OF THE USER(S) The users of this solution will be the Tony Williams (the client), as well as Anita Fox and Chris Ruck. Anita and Chris are also responsible for entering details of customer bookings into the diary, and producing quotations and invoices for them. Therefore, they will actively use the solution by changing the customer and booking inputs and sending the quotation that is produced (output) to the customer. Anita also takes care of the accounts and organises the monthly payroll for the employees. IDENTIFICATION OF ANY AUDIENCE The Audience is anyone who may look at the outputs, but not change the content of the solution. The majority of this solution will be used by The Welcome Centre staff, and therefore these people will be users and not an audience. However, Quotations will be viewed by Customers as these are the target audience of this document. ASSESSMENT OF SKILLS OF USER(S) Tony will use the solution, but has very limited ICT skills. He is a complete novice at using computers. He will need introductory training that includes: Logging in to the network   File Management (files and folders creating, renaming, moving, copying)   Word Processing (Use of word documents, file management opening/ saving, formatting)   Spreadsheets (Use of spreadsheets, file management opening/ saving, formatting, working with multiple worksheets)   Using the solution that is created Anita will also use the solution and is an intermediate user. She can login, organise files and folders, word process, use basic features of spreadsheet software, use a web browser to surf the internet, and can also use her accounts package. She will need training that includes:   Spreadsheets (Advanced course including the recording, use and management of macros, using formulae and functions)   Using the solution that is created Chris is more of an advanced user, and can do all of the above to a more complex level, as well as use graphics and multi-media packages for design work. He will need training that includes: * Spreadsheets (Advanced course including the recording, use and management of macros, using formulae and functions) * Using the solution that is created CLIENT INTERVIEW. An initial interview was held with Tony Williams, and the following is a summary of what he said: 1. What is The Welcome Centre and can you give me some background information to the organisation? The Welcome Centre was launched in 2000, as a conference centre for commercial and charitable customers, offering them a hospitality service. The service includes room hire, equipment hire as well a catering options. Customers use the services provided by the Welcome Centre for various reasons from large conferences, to small meetings and training days. 2. Who are the staff at the Welcome Centre and what do they do? Tony Williams is the General Manager, whose role includes creating the rota of when his team are working, taking booking details from customers for future conferences and negotiating prices if applicable. Tony is also involved in creating quotations and invoices by hand. He also keeps track of payments for conferences by customers, and chases any outstanding payments. He is also very hands-on in his role, and he will support his staff with serving and room set-up when required. There are several other employees. Chris Ruck is the Assistant Manager of the complex, who takes bookings, sets up for conferences, and also types up quotations and invoices. He looks after the technical requirements of a conference such as IT needs and P. A. equipment. Anita Fax is the Administrator, who has responsibility for accounts and organising the monthly payroll for the employees. There are also 4 other part time staff, including a cleaner as well as conference assistants. 3. What are the problems that ICT could help to solve? One of the key problems is that a manual booking system is used, whereby booking information is recorded in a paper-based diary. The information is therefore not easily sharable and handwriting will become messy as bookings are amended or cancelled. Also, quotations and invoices are either typed into a blank template document or hand-written. This leads to a duplication of the booking information resulting in mistakes, as well as being time consuming. Hand written documents are not very professional. 4. What do you want the ICT solution to do? Tony would like the new solution to provide easy to use data entry forms for entering details about each conference. He would like a quotation to be produced immediately based upon the booking information that is entered. He would also like the quotation and booking information to be stored for future use, so that someone can view the information easily. 5. Who will use the solution and what ICT skills do they have? Tony will use the solution, but has very limited ICT skills. He is a complete novice at using computers. Anita will also use the solution and is an intermediate user. She can login, organise files and folders, word process, use basic features of spreadsheet software, use a web browser to surf the internet, and can also use her accounts package. Chris is more of an advanced user, and can do all of the above to a more complex level, as well as use graphics and multi-media packages for design work. 6. What hardware and software do you have at The Welcome Centre? In terms of hardware, The Welcome Centre has only just installed a network. Chris and Anita have their own PCs with access to the Network for file sharing. Laptops used for conferences are wireless enabled so that they can access the internet from any room if required. Each computer has Windows XP installed as the operating system, as have the Microsoft Office software suite package, that includes word-processing, spreadsheet, database, web browser, presentation and other software. 7. What data needs to be input into the solution? How? Customer Information: (Company name and address, contact details for event organiser) Event Details: (Event name, date, start finishing time, no. of delegates, room requirements, equipment to be hired, and catering requirements for beverages and food. ) General Info. : (Catering items and prices, Equipment items for hire and 1/2 day charges, Room info. -The Unit Room Cost will be based on the Event Type for that room. Calculate and display Total Room Costs for all rooms booked   For each item of equipment required for the booking, search for and display the Unit Equipment Cost. If the event type is a full day, then double the price. Calculate and display the Total Equipment Costs by multiplying the Unit Equipment Cost by the Quantity required.   Calculate and display the Total Cost of all Equipment   If beverages are required for the booking, search for and display the Price per Delegate for Beverages. Calculate Beverage Costs per Delegate by multiplying this price by the No. of Servings. Calculate the Total Beverage Costs as Beverage Costs per Delegate multiplied by No. of Delegates.   If food is required, search for and display the Price per Delegate for the food option. Calculate and display the Total Food Costs by multiplying the Food Costs per Delegate by the No. of Delegates.   Calculate the Net Quotation amount (the total amount of all the items booked, excluding VAT)   Look up the current VAT rate and calculate the VAT Amount for the quotation.   Calculate the Gross Quotation Amount.

The Meaning Of Trust | Philosophy

The Meaning Of Trust | Philosophy When trusting someone or something, and you are able to build confidence in that object, allowing yourself to be less guarded around it, and allow it to influence us. A dictionary definition of this would be enabling other people to take advantage of your vulnerabilities-but expecting that they will not do this. So how does this compare with how we objectify our emotions? Is it something that can be characterized that something that is able to be trusted? Of course, because our emotions are closely linked with our characters, they feed off of who we are as people. It is seen as immature or undeveloped to allow emotions to influence you in any immense way, and this is why someone would even question arise this question. What is meant by the pursuit of knowledge? Emotion as a way of knowing Because of its ambiguous nature, it can be very hard to define emotions. Even more challenging would be to distinguish it from other sensations such as a temporary mood, or permanent sentimental trait. So with all these other terms in mind, emotion can be defined as the manifestation of the sensations we feel in reaction to our environments and situations around us, that linger for a long period of time. An easy example such as being told unfortunate news or discover something joyful can make us feel different sensations of sadness or happiness. So if these sensations we call emotions are so accurate with the occurrences we face daily, why even question its reliability? Because we, as human beings have also been taught something that would not be considered as natural as the feeling of emotions; we have also been taught morality. The ability to distinguish what we believe is ethically right or wrong, regardless or our instinctive urges, is what makes us different than other forms of life, and the reason we are even able to ask this question. We combat with ourselves in order to achieve goals, defeat lifes trials, and to pursue knowledge. So, maybe the reality of the question is, is it even possible to know when to trust emotions? Or else it may be trying to explain that emotions have limited value for knowledge acquisition if any at all. Emotion as a value judgment Thesis Statement I believe there has to be some instances when we are able to trust our emotions when we are trying to acquire knowledge. Emotions are just a display of the biological responses we has humans experience. Emotion is also as one of the ways of knowing in the IB theory of knowledge. History Define History *Use TOK Definition Genocide Historical event which arises the universal consciousness Rwanda WWII Germany Cambodia UN The World An emotional attachment with the consciousness The knowledge of the laws created due to and for genocide was created due to an emotional response. Also link the genocide information with pain for H.S. Human Sciences Definition human science *use TOK Definition The bodys natural Awareness to diseases and pain The emotions that are felt due to them The Arts When we think of The Art as an area on knowledge, we seem to think of it as one of the areas that is linked closest with emotion. When trying to gain knowledge in the Arts, the use of emotion is fundamental to understanding the pieces and the intentions of the artist. However with knowledge of human emotion, it is easy to understand how the intentions of the artist can be lost in the response of the spectators that view them. Our emotions during viewing different forms of the arts, such as music, literature or drama change with each person, because each person interprets the art differently. This can be seen with an example through music. Recently there has been a revolution of a new age brand of music called dub step, which can be described as a form of electronic music characterized by heavy baselines. Many people find this type of music annoying and irritating, and characterize with dark, negative emotions. Others enjoy it because they experience the music as a stress reliever, because they perceive the beats as melodious and peaceful a way to and an almost cathartic experience happening. Associating these emotions with the people that enjoy this form of music, people make judgments about the dub step audience, our emotional judgment of people; you would say that it had given aid in the process of gathering knowledge. But the stereotype that these persons are placed into, gives a hasty generalization, therefore misleading knowledge. Summary When we, as the knowers question our ability to trust our emotions in the pursuit of knowledge, what we are really trying to discover is, as humans, do we believe that our personalities and human faults allow us to not only discover new aspects in the world around us, but A higher awareness about ourselves or our they just obstacles that we have to overcome. A way to know when our emotions can benefit our pursuit of knowledge is when we are consciously aware that our emotions influence that search. To know if an emotion will lead us down a negative or positive path in our quest for information, can be judged on a persons level of emotional intelligence. Emotion intelligence can be understood by describing it as, a persons ability to monitor and control instinctive and natural urges brought out of us by our emotional state. An easy example to demonstrate emotional intelligence would ask a person to distinguish which emotions were being portrayed on anothers face. But even with such te sts, it is difficult to give an empirical value to something as inexpressible as emotional intelligence. Closing Argument Counter Argument Emotions less valuable than reason as a way of knowing? ^Prove Counter Wrong^ the same level of value as a way of knowing Conclusion In Conclusion, by saying that we should not allow our emotions to influence the pursuit of knowledge is to ask the impossible. As human beings our emotions contribute to the overall motivation in, not only our pursuit of knowledge, but in every endeavor we pursue. I believe it is possible to trust our emotions in every occurrence where knowledge can be gained, but the key is, to not allow your emotions to tamper with the intelligent voice of reason we all have developed due to our moral upbringings. Instead, the emotions will guide in us embracing the more natural inclinations and curiosities that we have instinctively. That is what they are there for. The value of emotion as a way of knowing depends on the kind of knowledge being pursued. If we classify knowledge by sections on the TOK wheel, the value of emotions are very high when concerning issues such as Ethics, The Arts, and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. , but other areas that are based mainly off of factual data such as Natural Sciences and Mathematics Aristotle quote Anyone can be angry that is easy. But to be angry with the right person to the right degree, at the right time, for the right purpose and in the right way that is not easy. Aristotle (384-322BCE)

Library of Alexandria Essay example -- essays research papers

HOW WAS THE GREAT LIBRAY OF ALEXANDRIA ORGANIZED AND OPERATED? WHO OR WHAT CAUSED ITS DESTRUCTION? For the extra credit assignment I have decided to compose as essay describing the great library of Alexandria. The library itself is wrapped up in a great mystery that has had many historians and archeologists heavily interested in its existence for many years. It has been recorded that the library of Alexandria held many thousands, if not millions, of books, volumes and other documents. The library is also believed to be one of the biggest libraries in human history. Its significance is of invaluable knowledge. The mammoth size of such a huge monument for the period of time that is existed is phenomenal. Even though it was significant in it’s time, the destruction of such a beautiful collection of thoughts, novels and other writings is somewhat of a tragic occurrence that has baffled many for years. Alexandria was founded in Egypt by Alexandria the Great. His successor as Pharaoh was known as Ptolemy II Soter. He founded the Museum or Royal Library of Alexandria in 283 BC. The Museum was a shrine of the Muses modeled after the Lyceum of Aristotle in Athens. The Museum was a place of study which included lecture areas, gardens, a zoo, and shrines for each of the nine muses as well as the Library itself. It has been estimated that at one time the Library of Alexandria held over half a million documents from Assyria, Greece, Persia, Egypt, India and many other nations. Over 100 scholars and scribes lived at the Museum full time to perform research, write, lecture or translate and copy documents (Hertzke 2004). The library got so large it actually had another branch or "daughter" library at the Temple of Serapis. There are many stories and rumors surrounding the real destruction of such a great library. It is still unknown exactly who are what destroyed the entire library but many stories and personal accounts that were put onto historical text much later on reveal clues to its possible â€Å"real† destruction. The first person blamed for the destruction of the Library is none other than Julius Caesar himself. In 48 BC, Caesar was pursuing Pompey into Egypt when he was suddenly cut off by an Egyptian fleet at Alexandria. Greatly outnumbered and in enemy territory, Caesar ordered the ships in the harbor to be set on fire. Sup... ...mar) all had an axe to grind and consequently must be seen as biased. Probably everyone mentioned above had some hand in destroying some part of the Library's holdings. The collection may have ebbed and flowed as some documents were destroyed and others were added. For instance, Mark Antony was supposed to have â€Å"given Cleopatra over 200,000 scrolls for the Library long after Julius Caesar is accused of burning it (Luciano 2005).† It is also quite likely that even if the Museum was destroyed with the main library the outlying daughter library at the Temple of Serapis continued on. Many writers seem to equate the Library of Alexandria with the Library of Serapis although technically they were in two different parts of the city. The real tragedy of course is not the uncertainty of knowing who to blame for the Library's destruction but that so much of ancient history, literature and learning was lost forever. Its importance and significance will never be resurrected, but will forever lay in a mystery. Only dreams and images can be pondered about what actually existed in such a great library. Scholars, historians and educated individuals can only daydream about what might have been.